The Theme of Humanity in the Poem Hawk Roosting Essay Example

The Theme of Humanity in the Poem Hawk Roosting Paper Hawk Roosting is one of Ted Hughes many poems which describes nature and animal savagery. In this particular work, Hughes details the characteristics of a regal hawk, ruling over its domain. Although it may seem to be a simple descriptive piece, Hawk Roosting actually maintains a duality throughout each verse. Not only is it a vivid description of a living being, the poem is Ted Hughes critique on humanity. Beneath its surface is a stark reminder of how our weaknesses are degrading us into common animals. The first verse paints a scene of a hawk resting on the treetops: I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed Inaction, no falsifying dream We will write a custom essay sample on The Theme of Humanity in the Poem Hawk Roosting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Theme of Humanity in the Poem Hawk Roosting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Theme of Humanity in the Poem Hawk Roosting specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Between my hooked head and hooked feet: Or in sleep rehearse perfect kills and eat. Straight away the poem asserts the dominance of the bird. The words Top of the wood suggests the hawk is a predator, high up in the food chain. It is also an animal that lives for hunting as every day it will rehearse perfect kills and eat in its dreams. Similarities can be drawn which shows that we are just like the hawk. Humans dominate the world and we constantly invent new ways of simplifying our lives. At the most basic level, we kill and eat like all animals do. The writer uses this verse to establish the hawk as a symbol of all humanity. Therefore, when he further illustrates the hawk later on, he is actually pointing out our habits and tendencies. The allegory of the hawk symbolizing humanity continues into the second and third verses: The airs buoyancy and the suns ray Are of advantage to me; And the earths face upward for my inspection. It took the whole of Creation To produce my foot, my each feather: Now I hold Creation in my foot. These verses further develop the idea that the hawk is a supreme creature. It looks down on its realm and controls all the animals. Therefore, it is able to hold Creation in my foot. On the other hand, as the hawk actually represents us, the writer is also commenting on mankind. The airs buoyancy and the suns ray correspond to natural resources and how they are of advantage to us. Instead of letting the course of nature take over our lives, we control the Earth as it face upward for our inspection. The phrase It took the whole of Creation suggests that humans see themselves as the ultimate species. Overall these two verses emphasize the fact that we are the rulers of the Earth. The world is metaphorically our oyster, a small thing that is easily held in our grasp. As the poem progresses into the fourth verse, the hawk awakes from its stillness and takes flight: Or fly up, and revolve it all slowly I kill where I please because it is all mine. There is no sophistry in my body: My manners are tearing off heads - Firstly the writer projects an image of the hawk flying above with a birds-eye view as the world revolves. Interestingly, it is the hawk that is doing the revolving. All of its dominion merely orbit around it. The hawk also owns its territory so it can kill where I please. These first two lines is a link to the last verse which further underlines the hawks supremacy. Similarly, we exploit the Earth because we believe it belongs to us. Although we consider ourselves a civilised race, the writer points out that some of our methods are far from graceful. In fact, he describes our way of living as tearing off heads. For example, we factory-farm animals for profit and we invade other countries to quench our thirst for fuel. As we become the masters of our planet, we grow insensitive to the fact that our greed is causing us to regress back to savages. The poem turns even more chilling as it enters the fifth verse: The allotment of death. For the one path of my flight is direct Through the bones of the living. Here the hawk is a metaphorical grim reaper. Its job is the allotment of death. From this verse we also perceive an image of the hawk swooping down on its prey as it flies through the bones of the living. The writer describes this as the one path of my flight that is direct. He is implying that the only constant element in a hawks life is to kill. Just like the hawk, we can allocate death as well because the earth is our domain. During our lifetimes we sacrifice the lives of many other creatures to fulfil our desires. We kill animals for food and we hunt exotic species for commodities. We are not that different from the hawk, after all. The final verse stresses the permanence of the hawks reign: The sun is behind me. Nothing has changed since I began. My eye has permitted no change. I am going to keep things like this. The phrase the sun is behind me implies that even the sun is a supporter of the hawk. Here the writer conveys yet another image to us. The suns rays are chasing after the hawk as if following a great leader. Nothing can unseat it from power. On the other hand, this verse also criticises the human aversion to change. For example, people still pollute the planet even though they know it can cause climate change and natural disasters. The last three lines highlight this fact. We have not done anything in the past to amend our mistakes Nothing has changed since I began. We are unwilling act now My eye has permitted no change. We will not abandon our methods in the future I am going to keep things like this. This is the heart of Ted Hughes criticism. We humans, as the masters of this world, are continuously destroying our planet because we are reluctant to change our wicked ways. In the end, Hawk Roosting is fundamentally an illustration of a magnificent creature. Nevertheless, Hughes masterfully embedded his critique on humanity into the poem. Just like the hawk, we are predators. However, our prey is nature and its resources. We are no better than cruel savages. Hawk Roosting is Hughes attempt at making us aware of this fact. Ultimately, his wish is that we preserve a better world for future generations.

Biology Field Study Essays

Biology Field Study Essays Biology Field Study Essay Biology Field Study Essay A general description of the area with reasons why the field study is being conducted. Geological overview Bicentennial Park which is located on the shoreline of Home bush Bay is a natural heritage site which features a vital wetland ecosystem and a large area of parkland colonized by a vast range flora and fauna. Within the park there are four communities of vegetation which are: Coastal Saltmarsh – a type of marsh that is intertidal between land and salty water, consisting of a group of salt-tolerant vegetation, grasses and other organisms. Historical Overview Gather information from first hand observations to construct food chains and food webs Explain trophic interactions between organisms in an ecosystem using food chains and food webs Describe the role of decomposers in ecosystems Measure a number of Abiotic factors to compare the mangrove and Saltmarsh environments Use quadrats to estimate the size of a population in an ecosystem Collect, analyse and present data to describe the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Consider the accuracy of population estimation strategies Identify factors determining the distribution of species whose abundance has been estimated Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species in each environment Examine trends in population estimates for some plant and animal species within an ecosystem Justify the use of different sampling techniques to make population estimates when total counts cannot be performed Identify some adaptations of living things to factors in their environment Identify and describe in detail adaptation of a plant and an animal from the local ecosystem Analyse trends in a plant population using a transect Identify examples of allelopathy, parasitism, mutualism, and c ommensalism in an ecosystem and the role of organisms in each type of relationship Identify the impact of humans on the ecosystems studied {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Organisms specialisations for certain habitats In order for an organism to exist in this ecosystem, it must have certain characteristics which will allow it to tolerate the aforementioned conditions. This is referred to as an adaption. The majority of species have adapted to suit their individual habitats. The concept which is named ‘habitat requirement’ states that these specializations allow the organism to survive in one type of habitat but not necessarily in another. Changes in a habitat can be made by organisms that are free to move about such as animals, but these choices are made based upon the pros and cons of each place and the requirements of the organism. Aim: To determine the distribution of vegetation and changes in mangrove height along a transect. Location: {draw:rect} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food web {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Food pyramid {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Calculating abundance of organisms Results We can calculate the total number of crab holes in the area by using the formula shown above where; Average number in quadrat = 23. 9 {draw:g} {draw:g} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} *Adaptations of the grey mangrove *and the mangrove snail the grey mangrove (avicennia marina) _ {draw:frame} _The pneumataphors form an Ariel root system and act as a ‘snorkel’ to the mangrove, allowing the plant to ‘breath’ air and obtain the oxygen needed for respiration. They need to absorb air through tiny pores on their surface called lenticels due to the lack of air diffusion between sediment grains within the soil, and the oxygen supply is transferred to all the parts of the plants including the underground roots. draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Adaptations of the Mangrove Snail _ {draw:frame} _Small Size: The maximum size that a mangrove snail can reach is approximately 1cm3. This allows the organism to be able to hide from predators more easily in places such as under leaves or branches, and hence making it harder to see. Human impacts *o*n the mangrove Long term effects of Pollution: _ {draw:frame} _ The altered behavior of nocturnal organisms due to light pollution. E. g. Birds who use the moon and stars for navigation will be disrupted and misled if too much light is present. Excessive unnatural light may also affect some predator-prey relationships and the competitive interactions of the animals. {draw:frame} If there is excessive noise pollution, animals within the network which depend on hearing to locate their prey may have extreme difficulties. Because of this, the organism will struggle to locate its food source, or companion, causing a lower chance of survival. Also, excessive and ongoing noise pollution will cause communication issues between a certain species, therefore disrupting their natural breeding patterns. If noise is not maintained, it may cause some offspring to not be produced i. e. ecreasing reproduction rates which may eventually cause the extinction of species within the environment. Questions Was there possible ways human error may have occurred? Discuss. Did you select the most accurate equipment and measurements for the measurements you conducted? Suggest how your methods could be adjusted to increase accuracy. To increase the acc uracy of the quadrat sampling method when measuring the height of the pneumataphors, these steps could have been taken: Double check the measurements recorded incase of human error. Repetition of the method by different people is advised to eliminate previous errors made such as misreading measurements and miscounting the pneumataphors. Random pneumataphors must be chosen in order to decrease the chance of a biased result. Quadrats should be placed at a regular distance such as 5m to increase consistency. In order to increase the accuracy of the results when measuring the Abiotic factors these steps could have been taken: Repeat each method several times and find the average of the total results. This increased the accuracy of the results and eliminates human errors. Ensure that the instructions are precisely followed. Generally, care should be taken when measuring any feature of an ecosystem as any wrong data will lead to a misconception of the lifestyle and actions of certain organisms. By: Julie Assi

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Heitler Essay

Human Relations - Conflict Resolution - Heitler - Essay Example This book is primarily for therapists, who deal with different types of conflicts in human relations. The main idea of this book focuses on comprehensive and integrative perspective about human psychology. Heitler points out that emotional stress leads to conflict. So, the best possible way to resolve conflict is to identify the reason behind emotional stress and to take remedial measures to avoid it in future. The idea to analyze conflict between couples and strategies to assist them aims to resolve conflicts in family settings. Author makes an intangible distinction between concerns and solutions on conflict resolution. It deals with diverse theories on personality, psychotherapy, relationships and provides clear cut guidelines to tackle problems faced in therapeutic practice. It is important to note that this work deals with the integration of system perspectives, cognitive and behavioral methodologies and traditional views of personality and therapy. The author pays particular at tention to problem solving methods and strategies, which are really valuable in family settings and therapeutically effective. Another important topic is the five basic conflict strategies: fight, submit, freeze, flee, and problem solving which evaluates canine behavior, its human equivalent and its emotional results. It pays particular attention to conflict resolution and is really valuable for a therapist to diagnose the problem and to an individual to realize his/her self. The author observes the importance of conflict resolution between couples. It insists couples to focus on the reason behind conflict. For instance, if one focuses on conflict resolution, the reason behind it may be ignored. Most of the therapists and theorists concentrate on conflict resolution, not on its cause. Author points out this fault and concentrates on the emotional stress behind each conflict. The most useful strategy discussed is the

Biodiversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biodiversity - Essay Example The biological wealth has been threatened by the need for development leading to the interference with the ecosystem. The process of conservation takes the form of in situ and ex situ. The ex situ approach is the one in which the threatened species are conserved by being removed from their natural habitat. In situ approach entails saving the entire ecosystem to ensure all levels of biodiversity are protected (Andre?e 29). Special settings are established where special care is given. Biodiversity goes beyond political boundaries (Pearson 17). Therefore, nations are expected to cooperate in the biodiversity conservation. The operationalization of biodiversity by definition refers to the need to have the diversity of biodiversities (Pearson 17). Biodiversity is a humongous concept whose success is dependent on a pluralistic approach. Governments are turning to the use of technology to enhance agricultural productivity. Food production demands a conclusive commitment to biodiversity thro ugh addressing climatic change, genetically modified interventions and their impact and the role of bio-fuel in dealing with sustainability. Effective governance and research is expected to ensure soil and competencies of a farmer are properly utilized in the process. Biodiversity is vital for human survival and offers both direct and indirect benefits (Alkemade, Shrestha, and Trisurat 13). ... The diversity of biodiversities can be illustrated through the multiple endangered species in the aquatic habitat, land and even air. This demands cooperation among multiple stakeholders in conserving biodiversity and ensuring that effectiveness (Alkemade, Shrestha, and Trisurat 13). Conserving biodiversity calls for international commitment in terms of taxation, controlling poaching and sale of illegal animal products (Pearson 17). This can only happen through protection of some areas, regular environmental assessments and stakeholder participation. Biodiversity is related to global food production. The concept of food production is related to the weather patterns, global warming and its effect on ecosystem and biodiversity. Some of the inherent difficulties of dealing with biodiversity include the role played by international stakeholders in enhancing developmental prosperity. Biodiversity is eliminated when food production is low. Some of the solutions involve dealing with climati c changes which are affecting food production (Pearson 17). In order to ensure is adequate food production, there is an urgent need to have increased stewardship on the current natural resources. In includes protecting wetlands and cropping intensity (Alkemade, Shrestha, and Trisurat 13). The potential for food production is expected to growing in the developing countries that invest in political stability and economic growth. This includes agricultural research that shall lead to a better understanding of biodiversity ad productivity. Intense agricultural research is being cited as a major cause for consideration of genetically engineered organisms (Pearson 17). This can be referred to the artificial transfer of genetic material

Finicail management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finicail management - Essay Example The proposed orthopedic unit will offer integrated and comprehensive services covering the entire gamut of orthopedic and spine injury treatment, and total joint replacement programs. The elements will include pre-surgical education, diagnosis, elective surgical and non-surgical treatment, post surgical care and rehabilitation, and assistance in ongoing management of the condition. This unit is being mooted as a unique center that will provide comprehensive treatment and services through the joint efforts of a team of competent medical and paramedical staff, in a manner that no other hospital in the area provides. The center will be recognized as one that provides a continuum of these services with a focus on safety, comfort, and predictable outcomes. Orthopedic and spine disease and injury treatments involve a number of initiatives that include pre-operative education, diagnosis, surgical and non-surgical treatment, post operative rehabilitation, and ongoing management of illnesses and injuries. Englewood Hospital and Medical Center has most of these elements, which at present are not integrated. Integrating these services and offering a comprehensive program will help patients receive comfortable, safe and complete care and treatment. Such integration will also help EHMC to offer total joint replacement programs. The proposed center – the joint center of excellence – will integrate therapies and introduce a new marketable program in the community that would provide unique advantages to those requiring orthopedic and spine disease treatments and joint replacement. With proper promotion, such a program is expected to generate substantial interest, and result in increase in volume of in-patient cases. The advantage to the patients will be the availability of a state-of-the-art center that will meet all their needs related to orthopedic treatment, and ensure maximum comfort and

Online Course Registration And Management System

Online Course Registration And Management System Currently the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University Melaka using the website that hosted in MMU server to provide information regarding the course offered as well as the registration method to enroll on the specific course. As the course registration is still done manually, below is the summary of the problem on the manual method: User : It consumes time as user is not enabling to book the seat if they have not submitted the form manually together with official receipt to the instructor. The user can pay the registration trough many ways, such as Online Banking, but they still have to submit the official receipt taken from Multimedia University finance division. Administrator/Instructor : Administrators have to wait until the number of registrant fulfills the minimum requirement of the course to open class. All registration related must be done manually, as no online system available yet. Financial report must be also done manually in order to keep track of the financial progress of the courses. Project Objective The project objective will be focused on developing an online course registration to ensure the effectiveness of the flow of registration. Moreover the system will offer a complete management system that integrated with the online course registration to help the stakeholder for maintaining the flow process of the course. The registration process can be done online without the need of paperwork anymore. It is also help the student to get more information about the course process while they enrolled. The administrator will get easier way to determine the seat of the courses, keep track of the registration module, and generate report for the year to help them determine the development of the courses. The cores of objectives of the project are followings: To study existing course registration system in Microsoft IT academy of Multimedia University. Analyzing current course registration system, by interviewing the stakeholder of the system. To propose an online course registration and management system. To identify the user requirement for online course registration and management system. To develop an online course registration and management system. To evaluate the online course registration system that been develop. Project Scope The studies will develop an Online Course Registration, specifically for the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University. With this system, it will affect the stakeholder of the Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University Melaka Campus such as: Administrator /Instructor The Administrator for the system will be divided to several privileges on how they can use the system. Administrator for example, have all the privileges such as adding instructor, adding courses, update information, adding downloadable material, registration module, etc., but Instructor only have several privileges on what they can do and not do in the Online course registration and management system. Student/User Student will get a more accessible way in order to register and booked the seat for the courses. They also can get updates from administrator keep track on the progress of the course. Significance of Project This final year project for intelligence online course registration will not only provide basic feature to the user as well as administrator, but will be also completed with these features: Online Chat Helpdesk Support System The Helpdesk Support System will allow the user to interact with the administrator in case if they have certain question to be asked regarding the course or the registration flow. Security Security of the website is one of the main concerns to be improved as the registration is moving from traditional to online based. The reason is because user will send their confidential data to the system. Some user might use the same login ID or password, and without proper security, the data might be accessed by third party, or the user session is hijacked while sending the data. The security improvement will also provide log to the administrator in case there are some abnormality in the system after some user log in. As the security improved, we are giving the user a better understanding why they should trust our system. Limitation of Project In this project there are 2 objectives to achieve which are developing online course registration and management system for the Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University Melaka. This project will focused on how to make the registration flow as simple as possible and also automated in the flow process. However there are limitations which is not be covered in this project. Even though the registration for the user will be done online, some flow of the process will be still done manually, such as submitting the official receipt of MMU to instructor. This is because of Multimedia University policy that not allows administrator to access the student financial report. Yet the system itself will allow user to upload the proof of payment trough online registration. Structure of Report This report consists of 5 main chapters. The first chapter, Chapter 1 which is Introduction presents overview of the project, the problem statement of the study state the problem occur on the current system, the project scope, objectives of the study that explain about the project main goals that need to be achieved, and structure of the report as well as the limitations of the project. Chapter 2 which is Literature Review state explains about materials used to study for the proposed system later, literature review also briefly explain some previously system that use same the technology in registration system. Chapter 3 is Methodology; and this chapter explains about the methods and tools that will be used to develop the system. It also gives some explanations why the methods and tools are chosen in the project. Chapter 4 which is the Proposed Solution and Implementation Plan or Design, this chapter presents the plans on how the system developed as well as the design of the system. This chapter mainly consists of diagrams to describe the design of the proposed system and some little explanation about the proposed system. Chapter 5 is conclusion; this chapter will summarize the conclusion of the objective stated. Chapter Summary In this Final year project the main objective is to propose and develop an online registration and management system that will facilitate the user as well as the administrator in order to keep the flow of registration more compact and efficient. This chapter explains the scope of the project which will affect the Microsoft IT Academy in Multimedia University Melaka stakeholder. Moreover in this chapter also describes about the problem that the current system where most of the flows still done manually. Chapter 2 Literature Review Online course registration and management system has become a necessity in order to create simple and accessible way to support today system. The internet has dramatically changed the role of Internet today (Cassidy 2002:1). Internet is the tool or vehicle for many applications, as well as to maintain registration for government, companies, and many events. This is happen as result of the simplicity of internet access in many part of the world. 2.1. Online Course Registration Johnson and Manning (2010) stated that the two biggest differences between registering online and mailing in your paperwork are time and technology. It can take time when users have to fill in the form, and then submit it in some other places. Instead of taking time, technology has helped us to make the registration procedure into the next level. You can find more information about the courses you want to take and in the same time fill up the form, pay the fees, etc. The staff that receives registration information most probably will process the information in same system, so by using online course registration and management system, we can save time. 2.1.1. Online Course Registration and Management System An Online course registration and Management System is systems that maintained the registration flow for the user and provide extensive capability for the administrator to maintain the content, report, and ability to add, update, or delete the content of a system. Currently there are many applications that have the ability to manage registration online. Some of them are very simple, and more complicated that use current technology. Almost all web based programming language support the capability to make online registration, such as PHP or .NET provide many option to build intelligence course registration and management system. A good system must be able to provide sufficient information and services needed by user as well as delivering extensive report to the administrator (Anggarwal.2003:233). 2.1.2. Existing Online Course Registration and Management System Most of the Online Course Registration and Management System are mostly used in educational institution and professional courses. This is to avoid time consuming of managing numerous users and prevent error from manual method. Based on that, people tend to use Online Course Registration and Management System. There is some Online Course Registration and management System that researched and improves, such as: Wylie Course Registration The C-Registration System will replace the existing mainframe course registration system at Wylie College. The new system will interface with the existing Billing System and Course Catalog Database System as shown in the context diagram below (see Figure 2.1). The C-Registration System will consist of a client component and server component as illustrated in Figure 2.2. The server component resides on the Wylie College UNIX Server. The server component must interface with the Billing and Course Catalog Database Systems on the College DEC VAX Main Frame. This interface is supported by an existing Open SQL Interface. The client component resides on a personal computer. The College PCs will be setup with the client component installed. Any non-college PCs must download the client software from the UNIX Server via the Internet. Once the client component is installed on the PC, the user may access the C-Registration System from the PC through the College LAN or Internet. A valid ID number and password must be entered in order for access to be granted. Figure 2.1 C-registration System Context Diagram Figure 2.2 C-Registration system overview The C-Registration system has many capabilities which will be explained the following table: Table 2.1 C-Registration capabilities Costumer benefit Supporting features Up-to-date course information The system accesses the Course Catalog Database for up-to-date information on all courses offered at Wylie College. For each course, the Students and Professors may review the course description, Prerequisites, assigned teachers, class locations, and class times. Up-to-date registration information All course registrations are immediately logged in the Registration Database to provide up-to-date information on full or cancelled courses. Easy and timely access to course grades Students can view their grades in any course simply by providing their user ID and password. Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Professors enter all student marks directly into the Registration Database from their PCs. Access from any College PC Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Installation of the client component of the C- Registration System on a PC is an easy to follow process using the internet Easy and convenient access from your PC at home Students may access the registration system from any College PC or from their home PC via the internet. Secure and confidential A valid user ID and password is required to gain access to the C-Registration System. Student report card information is protected from unauthorized access. Instant feedback on full or cancelled courses All course registrations are immediately logged in the Registration Database to provide up-to-date information on full or cancelled courses. Online Course Registration System for the Faculty of Engineering in University of Peradeniya In the system developed by the University of Peradeniva, there are some necessity in online registration course that should be included in the system, such as: Authentications and Authorizations of users; Administrators should be able to decide time period for the registration (before the start of the semester) and time period for the add/drop period (at the beginning of the semester); Administrators should be able to enter required data into the system such as courses, students, advisers and examination results; Advisers are allowed to view filled registration form of each student and accept/ reject the registration; Students should be able to view current courses and previous results, to register or add/drop new semester courses; Users should be able to change their passwords and personal information; and In the absence of a relevant adviser, the head of the department should be able to accept the online registration forms. All users have their own usernames and passwords to access the system and they have the ability to change their passwords. They will be given separate entry levels to access the system. Figure 2.2 depicts the use-case diagram of the system. Administrators are the staff officer at the Office who is responsible for course registration. They have the authority on deciding time durations, entering required details and finalizing registrations. Figure 2.3 use case of the online Registration in University peradeniya Advisors are all the department heads and lecturers who are assigned as advisers for students. They are capable of viewing courses, student details and results and accepting or rejecting registration forms. Student category contains everyone who has registered for a degree programme in the faculty. They are allowed to view available courses, their details and results, and to complete their registration forms and add/drop forms. The system that being used will be detailed explained in the table below: Table 2.2 system used in Online Course Registration of university peradinya Technology Usage Dream Weaver GUI Design CSS Additional Features in GUI Design ASP.net Programming Design Ajax Client Script Development SQL Server 2000 Database Design IIS Web Server to host the system Crystal Report 9.0 Generate reports. As the system works, it has not only reduced the burden of all parties involved in the course registration process, but also improved the process by reducing errors. Secure Online Application The real test of a secure Web Application occurs when it comes time for users to log in and access your site (Burnett,Mark.2004). Login screen is look simple. User just provide the username and password, the system will authenticate it to access the system. Authentication establishes a users identity. Once this identity is proved valid, the user is authorized (or nor authorized) to access various features of the Web application. 2.2.1 User authentication Threats The primary threats with user authentication are: Account hijacking This involves taking over the account of a legitimate user, sometimes denying the rightful user access to his or her account. Man-in-the-middle Intercepting Web traffic in such a way that the attacker is able to read and modify data in transit between two systems. Phishing A type of man-in-the-middle attack in which the attacker lures a legitimate user to enter a password through a fake e-mail or Web form designed to look like that of a legitimate Web site. Unauthorized access Gaining access to restricted content or data without the consent of the content owner. Information leakage Revealing or failing to protect information that an attacker can use to compromise a system. Privilege escalation Allowing an attacker to gain the access privileges of a higher-level account. Sniffing Using a network-monitoring utility to intercept passwords or other sensitive information that traverses a network. Because the login form plays such an important role in authenticating users, it is important to protect the form itself from flaws. A poorly written login form is vulnerable to password sniffing, information leakage, and phishing. Furthermore, the form itself may be vulnerable to flaws such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. 2.2.2. Secure Authentication In ASP.NET the IIS provides four standard methods for authentication: Basic authentication Digest authentication Integrated Windows authentication Client certificate mapping Basic Authentication Basic authentication works by prompting a Web site visitor for a username and password. This method is widely used because most browsers and Web servers support it. The benefits are: It works through proxy servers. It is compatible with nearly every Internet browser. It allows users to access resources that are not located on the IIS server. Basic authentication also has some drawbacks: Information is sent over the network as cleartext. The information is encoded with base64 encoding, but it is sent in an unencrypted format. Any password sent using basic authentication can easily be decoded. By default, users must have the Log On Locally right to use basic authentication. Basic authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks. Because basic authentication does not encrypt user credentials, it is important that traffic always be sent over an encrypted SSL session. A user authenticating with basic authentication must provide a valid username and password. The user account can be a local account or a domain account. By default, the IIS server will look locally or in Active Directory for the user account. If the user account is in a domain other than the local domain, the user must specify the domain name during logon. The syntax for this process is domain nameusername, where domain name is the name of the users domain. Basic authentication can also be configured to use user principal names (UPNs) when you use accounts stored in Active Directory. To prevent exposing user credentials to others on the network, it is essential that you always use SSL with basic authentication. Note that basic authentication causes the browser to send user credentials to every page on the same site or within the same realm, not just the login page. If you dont use SSL on every page, user credentials will be visible on the network. One way to prevent these credentials from being sent on unprotected content is to use a unique realm for protected and unprotected content. Digest Authentication Digest authentication has many similarities to basic authentication, but it overcomes some of the problems. Digest authentication does not send usernames or passwords over the network. It is more secure than basic authentication, but it requires more planning to make it work. Some of the similarities with basic authentication are: Users must have the Log On Locally right. Both methods work through firewalls. Like all authentication methods, digest authentication does have some drawbacks: Users can only access resources on the IIS server. Their credentials cant be passed to another computer. The IIS server must be a member of a domain. All user accounts must store passwords using reversible encryption. The method works only with Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher. Digest authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks, to a limited extent. Digest authentication is secure due to the way it passes authentication information over the network. Usernames and passwords are never sent. Instead, IIS uses a message digest (or hash) to verify the users credentials. In order for digest authentication to work, all user accounts must be stored using reversible encryption in Active Directory, which may be a potential risk. After this setting is enabled for a user account, the users password must be changed to create the plaintext copy. Digest authentication does provide more security, but for most Web sites, the limitations of this method outweigh the benefits. One interesting peculiarity with IIS is that when you send authentication headers to a client, it will send the basic authentication header before the digest one. Many Internet browsers use the first header they encounter and therefore opt for the weaker basic authentication. Integrated Windows Authentication Integrated Windows authentication is also a secure solution because usernames and passwords arent transmitted across the network. This method is convenient because, if a user is already logged on to the domain and if the user has the correct permissions for the site, the user isnt prompted for his or her username and password. Instead, IIS attempts to use the users cached credentials for authentication. The cached credentials are hashed and sent to the IIS server for authentication. If the cached credentials do not have the correct permissions, the user is prompted to enter a different username and password. Depending on the client and server configuration, integrated Windows authentication uses either the Windows NT LAN Manager (NTLM) or Kerberos for authentication. You cannot directly choose which one is used; IIS will automatically choose a method based on the server and client configuration. The Web browser and the IIS server negotiate which one to use through the negotiate authentication header. Both Kerberos and NTLM have their own advantages and disadvantages. Kerberos is faster and more secure than NTLM. Unlike NTLM, which authenticates only the client, Kerberos authenticates both the client and the server. This helps prevent spoofing. Kerberos also allows users to access remote network resources not located on the IIS server. NTLM restricts users to the information located on the IIS server only. Kerberos is the preferred authentication method for an intranet Web server. However, the following requirements must be met for Kerberos to be used instead of NTLM: Both the client and server must be running Windows 2000 or later. The client must be using Internet Explorer 5 or later. The client and server must be in either the same domain as the IIS server or in a trusted domain. Integrated Windows authentication has a few limitations: It works only with Internet Explorer 3.01 or later. It does not work through a firewall. The client will use the firewalls IP address in the Integrated Windows hash, which will cause the authentication request to fail. Client Certificate Mapping Client certificate mapping is the process of mapping a certificate to a user account. Certificates can be mapped by Active Directory or by IIS. Both of these methods require Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). There are three types of certificate mappings: One-to-one mapping Many-to-one mapping UPN mapping Certificate mapping is the process of linking a certificate to a specific user account. Normally, if we wanted to give a user authenticated access to the intranet; we would either create a user account or allow the user to log in using his domain account. Creating duplicate accounts is time-consuming, yet if users use their domain accounts, there is the concern that their domain passwords could become compromised. To provide better security and reduce the administrative workload, we could choose to issue each user a certificate. Certificates can be used to verify a users integrity. It is actually more efficient to use a certificate than a user account because certificates can be examined without having to connect to a database. It is generally safer to distribute certificates than user accounts. Furthermore, it is much easier to guess or crack someones password than it is to forge a certificate. Chapter Summary This chapter discusses the material research as well as basic understanding of the online course registration and management system. The material provided is to help and understand the project, and how the system can improves the registration and management system. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1. System Methodology It is important to understand that an information system has a life cycle, just as living system or a new product has. System analysis and design constitute the key stage of system development life cycle (ISRD Group, 2007). System Development Life Cycle has several phases which are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Figure 3.1 System Development Life Cycle 3.1.1. Planning Planning is the first phase in the System Development Life Cycle, in this phase the necessity of the system has to be identified (Hoffer, et al., 2005). The objective, scope and the main reason to develop the system has been explained in previous chapter. 3.1.2. Analysis The second phase is the analysis phase, which during this phase an analysis on the system requirement is being held (Hoffer, et al., 2005). The output of this phase is a description of the recommended solution by determining the problems and requirements. In this phase information regarding of the project is gathered, the information gathered then can be studied to help the understanding about the project. In this project analysis phase determine what method used to build the system later on. In this phase, we interview the stakeholder of Microsoft IT Academy Multimedia University (see appendix for detail) In analysis phase, we determine: Detailed evaluation of current system Data Collection User Requirement 3.1.2.1 Current System Evaluation Figure 3.2 System flow of the system Figure 3.2 show the current system flow of the MSITA. The flow show that some part still done manually, such as filling form and registration (student have to download form from website, pay the course fees to MMU finance, and submit the official receipt to the instructor). The website that being used now is using ASP.NET as programming language, but there is no online registration capabilities. The website is used for content management system only. All the registrant will be input manually by the instructor. 3.1.2.2. Data Collection To ensure that we understand the flow of the current system, we need to identify the stakeholder of the system, such as: Table 3.1 Stakeholder No Stakeholder Name Stakeholder type Roles 1 Instructor Instructor of Courses Provide Course material, provide place/lab for the course exercises , manage registration for user 2 MMU Finance division Registration Payment Submission Receive Payment from Costumer, Issue Official Receipt for registration 3 Student User/Costumer Register for the course, submit receipt for registration, participate in course as scheduled, take certification exam From the stakeholder above, we already identify that the most influence entity are the User and Instructor of the course. We will then identify the problem on the current website. Function of Microsoft IT Academy Website As main website for student for : Check latest/available course offered by MSITA team. Check schedule for the course Check registration procedure (Download Registration Form) Download notes/material for the course (only for registered user) Technical Detail of Microsoft IT Academy Website Technology Used : ASP.NET Other Items considered Course material is given trough the class Registration of the course still done manually (student have to download form from website, pay the course fees to MMU finance, and submit the official receipt to the instructor). The reason why the registration still done manually : Sometimes there are changes in registration procedure (e.g. minimum requirement for the number of the student to open the courses, some courses is added/removed). Need the proof of payment to confirm student registration. Figure 3.3 MSITA website details 3.1.2.3 User Requirement As the main concern of the development in MSITA website, we need to make the registration process and also maintenance of the website online; these are the requirement of the proposed solution: Table 3.2 User requirement User Side Administrator Side User can register in the MSITA website as website member as option before they register to the course Administrator panel Student registered as website member need to fill course to take in future/next trimester in order to keep track the estimated number of course offered. Add/Remove course Student can fill the registration form trough MSITA website. Automatic Email to all student registered Student can upload scanned proof of payment trough registration form Registration module for administrator Student can fill option to take exam after course registration in order to get exam voucher Financial Report of the year 3.1.3 Design Design Phase required us to determine the logical and physical design of the system. We need to determine the system features and all other necessary requirement for the system. Later on in the next phase of the project we will transform the logical design into fully working system. 3.1.4 Implementation The fourth phase is implementation. In this phase the physical design of the system will be programmed into a working system (Hoffer, et al., 2005). In implementation coding, testing, and installation will be included. In coding, the system will be programmed to a working system. After it programmed the system will be tested to find errors and bugs in the system. Lastly, during installation the system will be installed and ready to use. In the phase 1 of the project implementation of the system is not going to be built. The implementation phase will be held during the second phase of the p

The Apostle Paul Essay -- Religion, New Testament

Harris calls Paul â€Å"the most influential apostle and missionary of the mid-first-century CE church and author of seven to nine New Testament letters† (H G-33). It would be quite an accolade to receive such recognition, but what makes it even more remarkable is that Paul, or Saul, (Saul was his Judean name and Paul was his Roman name (footnotes B 1943)) originally persecuted the ekklesia or â€Å"church†. Paul went from persecuting the ekklesia or â€Å"church† to being its â€Å"most influential apostle and missionary†. Why and how did Paul make such a drastic change? The answer to the question can be found in various books of the New Testament including some of the letters that Paul wrote. This answer also aids in the explanation of how and why Paul argue with the Ioudaioi. Ioudaioi was the name given to the people of Judah after Alexander the Great conquered Judah in 333 BCE. Judah was originally one of the twelve tribes of Israel, and was the name for the southern kingdom after Israel split in 922 BCE after the death of King Solomon. The term Ioudaioi is often mistranslated from Greek as Jews. In contrast, it should be properly translated as Judeans. The Ioudaioi came from or lived in the land of Judea (Ioudaia). Paul never claimed to be Judean (or an Ioudaios in Greek), but rather identified himself as an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin and as a former Pharisee (Philippians 3:5). The Pharisees were one of the four major political parties that came into to being after the Hasmoneans claimed the position of High Priest, around 150 BCE. They were the largest party and had great influence over the Ioudaioi on issues of religion; they accepted the Tanakh and oral Torah as necessities to be followed (H 301). In addition to being a Pharisee... ...rdance with the scriptures, and that he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures†. On the road to Damascus, Paul received a calling to become â€Å"an instrument whom [YHWH] chose to bring my name before Gentiles [ethne or â€Å"nations†] and kings and before the people of Israel† (Acts 9:15). The Ioudaioi or Judeans would be considered as part of the people of Israel. Therefore, Paul had the responsibility to persuade the Ioudaioi that justice and salvation come about through Jesus Christ alone (Romans 5:12-21). A lot of the Ioudaioi believed that justice is obtained through following nomos or â€Å"law or custom†. Paul debated with the Ioudaioi in order to successfully persuade them to believe his viewpoint. This was done by means of his three missionary trips (H G-33) and by him writing letters to the ekklesia in various cities.

Dont Judge D Buk by Its Covrr

Don't judge a book by its cover means not to judge people or things by what they look like from the outside. People shouldn't be judged by how they look but be judged by their actions. It actually means that people cannot be judged by what they appear like to you at first, it is necessary to get to know them and â€Å"read† them before you can judge them It means not to judge people by the way they look or act. Something very powerful can be inside them. it means dont judge a person on how they look and only judge them on who they really are! If you judge a book by it's cover is to judge someone or something before you get to know them or try it.Such as if someone looks funny and you don't know them you shouldn't make fun of them because they could turn out to be the nicest person you ever met. Also if someone advertises for a product and you don't think it will work you shouldn't because it might work really good and it will be fun and/or good for you to have. On the other ha nd something could look good and be really bad. So if someone is really pretty that doesn't mean ‘Oh, that person is really pretty they must be nice! ‘ They could be really stuck up and mean. Or if something looks shiny and new and people on TV. say it works really good it could be bad.The meaning of the saying ‘never judge a book by its cover' is that we can't simply judge people only by their appearances. But, this is not always true. For instance, if an employer wants to recruit an employee and hundreds of people apply, the employer will probably narrow the list down based on first impressions. In other words, the employer is judging them by their ‘cover' to save time. But when it comes to choosing friends, we have to choose carefully. Some people might be bad for us. If we choose them wrongly, the consequences are very serious – the wrong kinds of friends can create all kinds of trouble for us.I think, rather than judging a book by its cover, we ne ed to read the content of the book and base our judgments on what we see there. You shouldn't form an opinion on someone or something based purely on what you see on the surface, because usually after taking a deeper look, the person or thing will not be what you expected it to be. When looking for something to read, people will often times only glance at the cover of a book before making a decision. Due to this, many books get overlooked merely due to the title or picture on the front of them being unappealing to the eye.However, if one were to open the book up and peer into its contents, they'd probably find that they were missing out on some interesting and valuable information. Hence, don't judge a book by its cover! The phrase is also applied to people. How? Well, before getting to know someone, a person tends to first judge others based on their outward appearance, their nationality, or other external factors. It's a shame, though, because while a person might look rough on th e outside, you can never truly know what they are like on the inside unless you ‘open' them up and get to know them

Free Essays on Violence Today

Violence Today by: Liz Owen â€Å"We’re only gonna die for our arrogance, that’s why we might as well take our time.† ~Bradley Nowell Every day, I hear people talking about violence in society. They argue over whether violence in television and movies causes people to be more violent in real life. They shake their heads in dispassionate sorrow at news reports of school shootings, gang violence, homicides, rapes, terrorism, wars, and countless other abhorrent occurrences. They frequently discuss and debate possible solutions to the problem of violence. Violence, in and of itself, will never cease. It exists among all animals. Intraspecies competition is as natural to the human species as it is to any other. Among homo sapiens, things like wars (defined as organized and prolonged conflicts between societies) are a form of population control. However, one must question nature of human violence in regard to the frequency and intensity of violent acts. What is the necessity of brutal and torturous slaughterings, genocide, or cruelty to animals? Do multiple stabbings of an ex lover increase one’s representation in the gene pool? So, why do people commit random acts of senseless violence? Is there anything we, as a society can do to fix this problem? If so, should we? If so, would we? Although the currently predominant world view (yeah, the one whose perpetuation is destroying the ecological system of the planet) states that humans, as the most intelligent (and understood as to mean therefore best) earthly species, are somehow immune to the laws of nature, such things continue to affect us. What person of functional intelligence that knows anything about biology doesn’t also know, at least after it being pointed out to them, that an increased population of any species within a confined area (and the earth itself certainly serves as confinement) results in increased problems for that species. Too many rats in the sa... Free Essays on Violence Today Free Essays on Violence Today Violence Today by: Liz Owen â€Å"We’re only gonna die for our arrogance, that’s why we might as well take our time.† ~Bradley Nowell Every day, I hear people talking about violence in society. They argue over whether violence in television and movies causes people to be more violent in real life. They shake their heads in dispassionate sorrow at news reports of school shootings, gang violence, homicides, rapes, terrorism, wars, and countless other abhorrent occurrences. They frequently discuss and debate possible solutions to the problem of violence. Violence, in and of itself, will never cease. It exists among all animals. Intraspecies competition is as natural to the human species as it is to any other. Among homo sapiens, things like wars (defined as organized and prolonged conflicts between societies) are a form of population control. However, one must question nature of human violence in regard to the frequency and intensity of violent acts. What is the necessity of brutal and torturous slaughterings, genocide, or cruelty to animals? Do multiple stabbings of an ex lover increase one’s representation in the gene pool? So, why do people commit random acts of senseless violence? Is there anything we, as a society can do to fix this problem? If so, should we? If so, would we? Although the currently predominant world view (yeah, the one whose perpetuation is destroying the ecological system of the planet) states that humans, as the most intelligent (and understood as to mean therefore best) earthly species, are somehow immune to the laws of nature, such things continue to affect us. What person of functional intelligence that knows anything about biology doesn’t also know, at least after it being pointed out to them, that an increased population of any species within a confined area (and the earth itself certainly serves as confinement) results in increased problems for that species. Too many rats in the sa...

Brett Favre essays

Brett Favre essays The title of my book is Brett Favre by Chris Havel. Brett Favre was born on October 10,1969 in Gulfport, Mississippi. He was born a big baby, he was twenty-one inches long and weighed nine pounds fifteen ounces. Both of his parents were teachers. His father taught physical education and drivers education at a local high school. He was also the football coach. His mother taught special education. Brett has an older brother named Scott and a younger sister named Brandi. As a teenager his sister was named Miss Teen Mississippi. When Brett was a year old, his dad gave him his first football uniform and gave him some advice. He said, Son, keep your head down and your pants up. Brett Favre thinks he got his athletic skills from his dad and his intelligence from his mom. His mom can throw a football pretty well though. Brett has such a strong-arm that he threw a football so hard when he was 11 years old that when the guy went up to catch it he flew back 2 feet. Brett met his wife Deanna in high school. They were high school sweethearts and went to college together. She got pregnant when they were in college and gave birth to the baby. They thought about having an abortion, but it was to hard for them. They named her Brittany. Bretts parents helped them out financially so Brett never had to give up football. His senior year was tough because he didnt know which college he wanted to go to. He got offered scholarships in all the big schools such as Alabama, Auburn, Ole Miss, Mississippi Sate, and Louisiana State. He thought that they would put him in as a safety instead of as a quarterback so he didn t want to go to any of them. Bretts dad called up one of his friends who is a coach on the football team at Southern Mississippi and asked him to come and see his son throw a football. So he went down and saw him throw a 65-yard pass. His chin dropped and said, I have never see...

Exploring Your Intellectual Property Policies Essay

Exploring Your Intellectual Property Policies - Essay Example It is, thus, in this age of office automation and the electronic exchange of information, that company policies are geared, among other things, towards abidance by copyright laws, intellectual property rights and data ownership and privacy laws. Copyright and intellectual property laws are, whether on the global or the national levels, uncompromisingly strict. As may be inferred from Canis' (2003) discussion, this body of law identifies intellectual property, inclusive amongst which are non tangible objects such as product designs, as goods which are owned by their inventor(s)/designer. As with all goods, they are protected against theft and subsequent unlicensed exploitation. Software proprietary laws directly stem from copyright and intellectual property laws. As Moniot (2003) explains, the intent of this body of law is the protection of software against unauthorized use, on the one hand, and the establishment of regulations prohibiting software piracy, implying unlicensed use and copying for the purpose of distribution, on the other. It is, in other words, a body of law which determines the protection of the software owner's right to the commercial exploitation of his/her property. Consequent to the proliferation of information through electronic media of communication, both copyright and software licensing laws are constantly violated. The software industry has been, since the mid 1990s to the present, confronting billions of dollars worth of lost sales as a direct outcome of software piracy (Paradise, 1999; Wheelan, 2003). The Internet has not only facilitated access to pirated working copies of protected, copyrighted and licensed software but, has given people the world over the opportunity to download software which could have otherwise cost hundreds possibly thousands, of dollars, the chance to access and install at the touch of a button (Paradise, 1999; Wheelan, 2003). In acknowledgement of the economic/financial consequences of the aforementioned to the industry, stringent software copyright and anti-piracy laws have been implemented on both national and international levels, in an effort to offset and stem this development. Most companies, including the one at which I am employed, have very clear guidelines and policies regarding software piracy and copyright laws. In reference to my place of employment, company policies strictly prohibit employees from downloading peer to peer programs on company computers, or using the corporation's internet connection to download such programs and subsequently use them for the violation of copyright and anti-software piracy laws. Employees who are caught violating this prohibition may face disciplinary action ranging from a warning to dismissal. Both the company's IT and legal departments' directors explained that the above stated corporate policy is not simply an expression of compliance with existent national and international laws but, more so, was instituted for the protection of the company itself. As I had been informed, six years ago, prior to the implementation of the said policy, a significant percentage of employees had peer to peer programs installed on their company computers and, even as they were working, had these programs running in the background, downloading an entire range of copyrighted material, from programs to movies. The cost to the company was extremely high because many of the downloaded files were

Inventory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Inventory Management - Essay Example This type of inventory management also enables Toyota to quickly adapt to the demand conditions and prevent wastage of expensive inventory (Monden, 2011). Samsung Electronics is one of the largest consumer electronics manufacturing companies. Samsung follows the Short Cycle Time and Low Inventory in Manufacturing (SLIM) type of inventory management system. It is the largest company, which manufactures digital integrated circuits. The company with the support of Leachman’s consultants had developed the SLIM inventory management technique whereby optimal use of resources gets facilitated. The SLIM inventory system has helped Samsung to calculate cycle times required in individual manufacturing stages and the time required in work in process stage. SLIM inventory systems also allow implementing heuristic algorithms at the factory floor (Leachman, Kang & Lin, 2002). Toyota’s integrated production design system begins with designing the flow of inventory, framing support measures, reducing lot sizes and determining set up time. The next stage in the process is to set up total quality control measures for detecting errors and faults in the production system. The third stage is to prepare the capacity schedule, which involves analyzing the amount of work that can be taken up by individual departments at a time. The integration of goods and services design of Toyota also includes implementing the Kanban system whereby lot sizes are reduced and controlled on the basis of demand pull. Toyota also works with suppliers and vendors for estimating the real time required for goods delivery and communicating the quality related expectations (Berry, Whybark & Jacobs, 2005). The integration process of Samsung’s production system mainly concentrates upon efficient management of targeted cycle times. In order to manage targeted cycle times, it becomes essential to allocate buffer